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Shamrock Holdings is the firm founded as the Roy E. Disney family investment firm and the Disney family remains a key investor. Roy was its chairman, and Stanley Gold its President/CEO. Shamrock owns a number of assets including hotels and radio and television stations. Shamrock often takes an aggressive strategy, launching hostile takeovers. Shamrock is a private corporation, owned 100% by the estate of Roy E. Disney. ==History== Shamrock Holdings Inc. was founded in 1978 as an investment company by Roy E. Disney.〔Johnson, Greg. (September 28, 2005). (Roy Disney-Led Fund Buys 80% of Harlem Globetrotters ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 Shamrock then started buying television and radio stations. In the mid-1980s, SH moved into other industries.〔Apodaca, Patrice. (October 20, 1992). (Shamrock to Expand Presence in Radio ). Los Angeles Times.〕 According to Reuters, in 1984 Shamrock held 1,428,061 (or just over 4%) of all Disney stock. After revealing that the company held 4.7% of Central Soya and agreements with two investment groups for another 5.9% in March 1985, the company offered to purchase the remaining shares with equity partners.〔Harris, Kathryn. (March 15, 1985). (Disney Family Offers to Acquire Central Soya ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 SH closed on the purchase of Central Soya. In November, Shamrock began construction on Shamrock Plaza office building in Agoura Hills estimated to cost $5.1 million. In March 1986, Shamrock sold 1.6 million shares of the Walt Disney Co. on the open market dropping its share from 4% to 3% for tax planning and further business needs.〔(March 12, 1986). (Shamrock Holdings reduced its stake in Disney ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 In April 1987 its subsidiary, Shamrock Holdings of California purchased controlling interest in DBMS Inc. of Naperville, Ill., a software systems and services company.〔(April 22, 1987). (Industry Notes: California ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 After the management team of Holly Sugar submitted a plan to take the company private, two share holders Shamrock (5.5%) and Brookehill Equities (11.8%) filed separately with the SEC with the intent to possible make a counter offer.〔Bates, James. (January 20, 1987). (Burbank Investors May Bid on Sugar Company ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 In fall 1987, Central Soya, a soybean processor, was sold by Shamrock to Ferruzzi Group of Italy making a profit of $125 million. In December 1987, the corporation attempted a buy out of Wherehouse Entertainment, who avoid the take over by agreeing to be bought by Adler & Shaykin, a New York investment firm. Instead Shamrock purchased Music Plus from Show Industries in April 1988 to begin its move into home entertainment retailing.〔Groves, Martha. (April 8, 1988). (Shamrock Holdings Agrees to Buy 54-Store Music Plus Chain ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 In 1988 and 1989, it pursued Polaroid, ultimately failing to take over the company but winning concessions such as an advertising deal for its television stations. SH agreed in January 1990 to sell radio station KMGC-FM to Cooke Inlet Radio Partners for $22 million. In September 1991, Shamrock sold its remaining 11.8% share in Enterra for about $46.8 million.〔(September 16, 1991). (Shamrock to Sell Enterra Stake ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 In October 1992, the corporation agreed to sell to Blockbuster Entertainment Corporation its Music Plus and Sound Warehouse music and video chains for $185 million. SH indicated that purchase of additional radio stations were planned given depreciated values and changes in FFC regulations allowing more stations could be owned by a single owner.〔 In August 1995, Shamrock agreed to sell Shamrock Broadcasting, a 19 radio stations group, to Chancellor Broadcasting Co. for $395 million. Shamrock sold a 20% share of Koor Industries Ltd. to Claridge Israel Ltd. in 1997. In June 1999, Shamrock and First Israel Mezzanine Investors Ltd. purchased Tadiran Communications Ltd., an Israel defense communication contractor, from Tadiran Ltd., a subsidiary of Koor as of 1998.〔(June 15, 1999). (Disney Family Buys Defense Contractor ). Bloomberg News. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 In 1999, Shamrock Holdings of California Inc. (SH/CA) finished building its Manhattan Beach Studios at estimated cost of $82 million. The studios included 14 sound stages, eight production office buildings and Media Center, a 60,000-square-foot office building. Raleigh Enterprises was hired to manage the studio.〔Vincent, Roger. (November 23, 2004). (Manhattan Beach Studios Sold ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 Ronald Flesch, a real estate developer, and Alice Neuhauser, a motion picture financier, sued SH over the studio claiming that it was their idea they brought to Shamrock in a joint venture deal and that Shamrock cut them out of the project.〔(October 21, 2000). (Studio Developers Sue Investment Firm ). Bloomberg News. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 In November 2003, SH/CA sold its Manhattan Beach Studios to Oak Tree Capital Management Co. for about $100 million.〔 From 2003 to 2005, Shamrock was an instrumental force in the SaveDisney campaign and the ouster of Michael Eisner as CEO of The Walt Disney Company. As of 2003 Roy E. Disney held about 1% of Disney stock through Shamrock Holdings. This made him the third largest individual stakeholder of Disney stock. Shamrock Holdings' Capital Growth Fund purchased a 80% ownership stake in the Harlem Globetrotters in September 2005 with the intent to increase merchandising and other income.〔 By November, Shamrock Capital Advisors raised $125 million towards possible investments in Israeli companies from Israeli and U.S. pension funds, insurance companies and commercial banks.〔(November 03, 2005). (Shamrock to Make Investments in Israel ). Bloomberg News. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 In July 2006 one of Roy E. Disney's daughters, Abigail, became Vice Chairman of Shamrock. In October, Shamrock Activist Value Fund sued IPass, a SH holding, to turn over board room records over failure to fire their CEO and mismanagement of a take over.〔(October 12, 2006). (Roy Disney's Investment Fund Sues Software Firm ). Bloomberg News. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 In March 2007, the corporation's Capital Growth Fund invested $50 million into Real D company, a 3D movie equipment manufacturer.〔Menn, Joseph. (March 20, 2007). (Shamrock sees money in 3-D ). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on April 21, 2014.〕 Shamrock Holdings bought a 5.5% stake in Texas Industries in 2008.〔( Disney family firm buys 5.5% of TXI ). Dallas News.〕 Shamrock revealed in December 2008 that it held a 5.7% share of Arris Group. In October 2009, SH won a shareholders proxy fight at Texas Industries, of which SH own 105 of the company, over management performance. The corporation took a stake in West Pharmaceutical Service by December 2009. Other holding in 2009 were: Coinstar, Websense, and Magellan Health Services. Roy E. Disney died on December 16, 2009.〔Altucher, James. (December 17, 2009). (Finding Value in Roy Disney's Shamrock Holdings ). Daily Finance (AOL Money & Finance). 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